Everything about James B Sumner totally explained
James Batcheller Sumner (
November 19,
1887 –
August 12,
1955) was an American
chemist. He shared the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946 with
John Howard Northrop and
Wendell Meredith Stanley.
Education
Sumner graduated from
Harvard University with a
bachelor's degree in 1910 where he was acquainted with prominent chemists
Roger Adams,
Farrington Daniels,
Frank C. Whitmore,
James Bryant Conant and
Charles Loring Jackson. In 1912, he went to study
biochemistry in
Harvard Medical School and obtained his Ph.D. degree in 1914 with
Otto Folin. He then worked as Assistant Professor of Biochemistry at the
Weill Medical College of
Cornell University.
Research
It was at Cornell where Sumner began his research into isolating
enzymes in pure form; a feat which had never been achieved before. The enzyme he worked with was
urease.
Sumner's work was unsuccessful for many years and many of his colleagues were doubtful, believing that what he was trying to achieve was impossible, but in 1926 he discovered that even low molecular weight enzymes could be isolated and
crystallized. His successful research brought him to full professorship in 1929.
Awards
In 1937, he was given a
Guggenheim Fellowship and he spent five months in
Sweden working with Professor
Theodor Svedberg. Also that year,
John Howard Northrop of the
Rockefeller Institute obtained crystalline
pepsin making it clear that Sumner had devised a general crystallization method for enzymes and he was awarded the
Scheele Medal in
Stockholm.
Both Sumner and Northrop shared the
Nobel Prize in 1946 for crystallization of enzymes. Sumner was elected to the
National Academy of Science in 1948. Sumner died aged 67 of cancer on August 12 1955.
Further Information
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